"Правила английского этикета"
учебно-методическое пособие
Автор: Рокотянская Мария Михайловна, старший преподаватель, МЭИ, Москва
В раздел высшее образование
МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ПО ПРАКТИКЕ УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ
АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
ПО ТЕМЕ:
«ПРАВИЛА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЭТИКЕТА»
Составитель: старший преподаватель Рокотянская Мария Михайловна Данный сборник предназначен для студентов, прошедших базовый курс обучения английскому языку, включающий основные знания в области грамматики, фонетики и лексики английского языка. Пособие предназначено для развития навыков монологического и диалогического высказывания, отработки правил использования модальных глаголов, осуществления успешной межкультурной коммуникации. Пособие поможет учащимся получить представление об основных правилах английского этикета, что дальнейшем поможет им грамотно общаться с зарубежными коллегами и производить благоприятное впечатление в англоговорящих странах.
Text № 1. General facts about British etiquette
1. Read the text
The word etiquette to which we so often refer actually originates from the French estiquette –“to attach or stick”. Indeed the modern understanding of the word can be linked to the Court of the French King Louis XIV, who used small placards called etiquettes, as a reminder to courtiers of accepted ‘house rules’ such as not walking through certain areas of the palace gardens. Every culture across the ages has been defined by the concept of etiquette and accepted social interaction. However, it is the British – and the English in particular – who have historically been known to place a great deal of importance in good manners. Whether it be in relation to speech, timeliness, body language or dining, politeness is key. British etiquette dictates courteousness at all times, which means forming an orderly queue in a shop or for public transport, saying «excuse me» when someone is blocking your way and saying «please» and «thank you» for any service you have received. The British reputation for being reserved is not without merit. Overfamiliarity of personal space or behaviour is a big no-no! When meeting someone for the first time a handshake is always preferable to a hug and a kiss on the cheek is reserved for close friends only. Asking personal questions about salary, relationship status, weight or age (particularly in the case of more ‘mature’ ladies) is also frowned upon. Traditionally, one of the best examples of the British etiquette is the importance placed on punctuality. It is considered rude to arrive late to a business meeting, medical appointment or formal social occasion such as a wedding. As such it is advisable to arrive 5-10 minutes early to appear professional, prepared and unflustered as a mark of respect to your host. Conversely, should you arrive too early to a dinner party this could also appear slightly rude and ruin the atmosphere for the evening if the host is still completing their preparations. For the same reason an unannounced house call is often frowned upon for risk of inconveniencing the home owner. Should you be invited to a British dinner party it is customary for a dinner guest to bring a gift for the host or hostess, such as a bottle of wine, a bouquet of flowers or chocolates. Good table manners are essential (particularly if you want to be invited back!) and unless you are attending a barbeque or an informal buffet it is frowned upon to use fingers rather than cutlery to eat. The cutlery should also be held correctly, i.e. the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left hand with the prongs pointing downwards and the food pushed onto the back of the fork with the knife rather than ‘scooped’. At a formal dinner party when there are numerous utensils at your place setting it is customary to begin with the utensils on the outside and work your way inward with each course. As the guest it is polite to wait until everyone at the table has been served and your host starts eating or indicates that you should do so. Once the meal has begun it is impolite to reach over someone else's plate for an item such as seasoning or a food
platter; it is more considerate to ask for the item to be passed to you. Leaning your elbows on the table whilst you are eating is also considered rude. Slurping or making other such loud noises whilst eating is completely frowned upon. As with yawning or coughing it is also considered very rude to chew open-mouthed or talk when there is still food in your mouth. These actions imply that a person was not brought up to adhere to good manners, a criticism against not only the offender but their family too!
2. Answer the following questions:
1. How did the word “etiquette” appear? 2. Why do the British place a great deal of importance in good manners? 3. Is it acceptable to hug and kiss a person on the cheek whom you meet for the first time? 4. Is it good to ask a person about his salary and age? 5. What is the best example of the British etiquette? 6. When is it advisable to arrive to a meeting? 7. What should you bring as a gift when you are invited to a British dinner party? 8. What do the action as chew open-mouthed imply?
3. Compose a dialogue using any topic which is safe for small talk.
Which topics are safe for small talk? - Introductions, eg "Hello. May I introduce myself? My name is Mark" - Travel, eg "Did you manage to find here OK?" or "Did you have a good journey?" - Family, eg "How is your family?" (but only if you already know about the person's family) - Hospitality, eg "Can I get you something to eat or drink?" - The weather, eg "It's a lovely day today, isn't it?" - Holidays, eg "Are you going anywhere this weekend?" or "Are you going anywhere on holiday this year?" - Nature, eg "The garden looks lovely, doesn't it?" - Pets, eg "What a lovely dog. What is his name?" (British people love dogs or cats) - General news, eg "What do you think about the recent floods?" (but safer to avoid gossip and politics) - Films, eg "Have you seen the film Bridget Jones's Diary?" - Television, eg "Did you see The X Factor last night?" - Music, eg "What sort of music do you like?" - Books, eg "Have you read any good books recently?" (but only if you know the person likes reading) - Sport, eg "Have you been watching Wimbledon?" (note that many British people, especially men, enjoy talking about football) - Hobbies, eg "What do you enjoy doing in your spare time?"
- Business, eg "How's your business going?" (but only ask if you know the person has a business) - Studies, eg "What are you studying?" (but only ask if you know the person is a student) - Work, eg "What sort of work do you do?" - Food, eg "I had a lovely Chinese meal last night - do you like Chinese food?" - General matters about the person you are talking to, eg "Have you lived in this area long?" - General matters on subjects that you know that interests the person you are talking to, eg cars, film stars etc Which topics are best avoided for small talk? You may need to be careful when you talk about some topics, especially with people that you've only just met, people who are older than you, people who appear to have strong religious or political views, or people who may have some personal problems or sensitivities. For example, be cautious if you discuss these subjects: - Age, eg "How old are you?" - Appearance or weight, eg "You seem to have put on some weight" - Personal gossip about somebody you know - Jokes that might offend (especially sexist or racist jokes) - Money, eg "How much do you earn?" - Sex (some people have strong religious views about this, or are embarrassed by the subject) - Previous or current relationships, eg "Do you have a girlfriend?" - Politics, eg "Who did you vote for at the last election?" - Religion, eg "Do you believe in God?" - Criticisms or complaints, eg "Why is British food so bad?"
4. Speech task
Imagine, that your friend is going on a business trip to the UK. He has never been there before and doesn’t know the rules of British etiquette. Give him all the necessary pieces of advice.
Text №2.EATING MANNERS/ETIQUETTE
1. Read and translate the text
Things you should do:
If you are at a dinner party wait until your host(ess) starts eating or indicates you should do so. Chew and swallow all the food in your mouth before taking more or taking a drink. Soup should be spooned away from you. Tilt the bowl away from you. Break bread and rolls with your fingers not with your knife. Break off a small piece of bread or roll and butter it. Do not butter the whole slice or half a roll at one time. You may use a piece of bread on a fork to soak up sauce or gravy. Never hold the bread in your fingers to do this. Only clear consommé should be drunk directly from the soup bowl, and then only if it has handles. You may eat chicken and pizza with your fingers if you are at a barbecue, finger buffet or very informal setting. Otherwise always use a knife and fork. Things you should not do: Never chew with your mouth open. Never talk with food in your mouth. Never put too much food in your mouth. Never mash or mix food on your plate. Do not blow on hot food or drink. Do not sip from a coffee spoon or teaspoon. Never use your fingers to push food onto your spoon or fork. Serviettes, crockery, and cutlery Things you should do: Your serviette should always be placed on your lap. If it is small you may open it out fully. If it is large it should be kept folded in half with the fold toward you. (In some of the more exclusive restaurants the waiter will place your napkin on your lap for you.) The fork is held in the left hand, the knife in the right to cut food and to help carry food to the fork. The fork is held, tines down, and the knife used to move food unto the fork or support food so the fork can pick it up. There is no shifting of cutlery. When you are finished eating, soup spoons, coffee spoons, and dessert spoons should be placed on the side plate or saucer, never leave them in the bowl, cup etc. Do not push your plate away or stack your dishes. Place your knife and fork together in the "twenty past four" position, as if your plate were the face of the
clock, with the knife on the outside and the fork on the inside. Or place the utensils side by side in the middle of your plate, fork tines down, knife to the right, sharp blade turned inward toward the fork. Keep your serviette in your lap until you leave the table. When you leave the table place your serviette in loose folds at the left side of your plate, never on top of the plate. Things you should not do: Never tuck your napkin into the collar of your shirt. Never use a napkin as a handkerchief. Do not wipe off cutlery or glassware with your napkin. If dishes aren't clean, ask the waiter quietly for replacements. Do not cut up more than three bites at a time. Do not scrape the plate. Passing dishes and food Things you should do: Soup spoons, coffee spoons, and dessert spoons should be placed on the service plate or saucer when you are finished eating. Never leave them in the bowl, cup etc. Always pass to the right. Initiate the passing of rolls, butter, and condiments even if you do not want any. Pass jugs, gravy boats etc. with the handle toward the recipient. Things you should not do: Never reach across the table. If anything isn't directly in front of you, ask for it to be passed. Posture and behaviour Things you should do: When being entertained at someone's home it is nice to take a gift for the host and hostess. A bottle of wine, bunch of flowers or chocolates are all acceptable. On arrival in a restaurant or at a formal function give your coat to the waiter, never hang it on the back of your chair. If in doubt ask your host(ess). When you wish to use the toilet, excuse yourself and leave quietly. Do not ask people where they are going if they excuse themselves.
Things you should not do: Elbows should not be on the table until after all courses have been cleared away. Never lean on your elbows! Keep your posture erect. Never rock back in your chair. Never smoke during a meal. Smoking should not take place until dessert is finished. Follow the lead of the host or ask if you may smoke. Use ashtrays only. Never apply makeup or comb your hair at the table. THE FORMAL TABLE SETTING/SEATING At first glance, a formal table setting can be intimidating because there are so many forks, spoons, and knives, all for different courses. However, do not be dismayed, there is a simple system behind it all. Placement and procedure Start with the utensils on the outside and work your way inward with each subsequent course. In other words, the outermost fork is your salad fork if salad is served first. Forks will be on your left. Knives and spoons on your right. One exception to this is the oyster or seafood fork, which will be on the right next to the soup spoon. If you are in a restaurant and did not order fish, soup, or salad, the waiter will remove those utensils. In a private home or at a banquet the silverware indicates the courses that will be served. At the top of your plate will be a dessert spoon and dessert fork. When dessert is served, slide them down to the sides of the dessert plate: fork on the left; spoon on the right. To eat dessert, break the dessert with the spoon, one bite at a time. Push the food with the fork into the spoon. Eat from the spoon. (Fork in left hand; spoon in right.) Coffee spoons are either to the right of the plate or brought with the coffee. Red wine is served in a glass with a round bowl and fairly short stem. Hold it at the base of the bowl. It should be served at room temperature. White wine is normally served in a larger glass with a longer stem. Hold it at the base of the stem. The same applies to all chilled wines. The order of the wine glasses begins with the one closest to you: (a) Sherry (soup course) (b) White wine (fish/chicken course) (c) Red wine (meat course) (d) Water goblet. ( There may be other glasses used throughout the meal. )
There will be a butter knife located near the butter dish. Use it to transfer butter to your side plate. Your butter knife will either be lying diagonally across your side plate or as the last one to your right in the row of knives. Never use the knife with the butter dish to butter bread. If there is no knife with the butter dish, transfer the butter with your butter knife. Sorbet, a fruit flavored ice, may be served between courses to cleanse the palate. A spoon will accompany the sorbet. Salad may be served before or after the main course. The placement of the salad fork will give you a clue. Finger bowls are presented after the main course and before dessert. If the bowl is placed on a plate directly in front of you, lift the bowl with both hands and place it to the left of your place setting. If there is a doily under it, move it as well. Often the finger bowl will be placed to the left. Dip the fingers of one hand into the bowl, dry on your napkin which remains on you lap. Follow with the other hand. There may be a flower or a lemon slice in the bowl. Leave it be. (Some restaurants use hot towels in a similar manner as finger bowl. Seating at a formal dinner The male guest of honor sits on the hostess' right. The next most important man sits on her left. The female guest of honor sits on the host's right. The second most important woman sits on the host's left. Men and women should be alternately seated. Couples should be separated. Use of round tables puts everyone on an equal basis. There may be place cards at a formal dinner or your host/hostess may indicate where you should be seated. Social manners are expected: males should seat females and rise when they leave and return to the table. ACCIDENTS WILL HAPPEN If you spill anything on the table or yourself discretely use your napkin or ask the waiter for sparkling water. Do not dip your napkin into your water glass. If you spill anything on someone else do not try to mop up the spill, offer them a napkin and let them do it for themselves. Offer to cover any laundering or cleaning costs. If you burp cover your mouth with your napkin. After it happens, say a quiet "pardon me" to no one in particular, do not make a big deal about it.
If you break anything, call it to the waiter's attention. In a private home, speak quietly to the host and offer to replace the item. If you get some food stuck between your teeth do not use toothpicks, fingernails, or napkins to dislodge the food at the table. If necessary go to the bathroom and take care of it.
2. Speak about:
a. Things you should do and shouldn’t do while eating. b. How you should deal with serviettes, crockery, and cutlery. с.How you should pass dishes and food. d. Posture and behavior. e. What you’ve learned about formal dinners. f. How will you behave if accidents happen.
Text №3. Meeting etiquette
1. Read the text
Meetings are an important part of corporates where employees sit together on a common platform, exchange their views and opinions and reach to a solution benefitting the organization and mutually acceptable to all. Meeting Etiquette refers to codes of behavior an individual ought to follow while attending meetings and discussions at the workplace. Let us go through some meeting etiquette in detail:
Try to find out what the meeting is all about
. Understand the importance of the meeting. Never go blank. Employees should do all the ground work before attending meetings to ensure maximum participation from their end. Prepare notes in advance.
Never attend meetings without a notepad and pen
. It is practically not possible for an individual to remember each and every thing discussed at the time of meeting. A notepad helps in jotting down the important points for future reference.
Always keep your cell phone on the silent or vibrator mode
. Cell phones ringing in the middle of meetings and seminars are considered rude and
unprofessional. This might insult others sitting in the same room as well as break the pace of the meeting.
Do not attend phone calls during meetings unless it is an emergency
. It is bad manners to do the same.
Superiors must create an agenda before every meeting
. The agenda must be circulated among all employees for them to prepare in advance. Meetings should not be conducted just for the sake of it. It is important to have well defined plans. Make a list of issues to be discussed at the time of meeting. Make sure you do not deviate from the key points. Keep the meetings short.
Never be late for meetings
. Going late for a meeting is something which is not expected out of a professional. Chewing gum during meetings is childish and must be avoided.
Be a good listener
. Listen to what others have to say. Wait for your turn to speak. Sit wherever you find a place. Do not run here and there. Do not enter the meeting room once the meeting has already begun. It disturbs others. Avoid taking your cups of coffee or tea to meeting rooms unless and until advised by superiors.
Fiddling with pen or notepad is one of the major distractions in meetings
. One must concentrate and stay alert. Be an attentive listener. Do not yawn even if you find the meeting boring.
The one chairing the meeting must speak loud and clear
. It is essential to take care of the pitch and tone. Meetings ought to be interactive and allow employees to come up with their suggestions and valuable feedback. A question answer round must be kept at the end for employees to clear their doubts. Once the meeting is over, minutes of the meeting must be prepared and circulated across all departments for them to take necessary action Use whiteboards, projectors, graphs, pointers, slides for better clarity. Do not convert the meeting room into a battle ground. Speak politely and do respect your colleagues.
Never attend meetings in casuals
. Follow a professional dress code.
2. Say whether it is true or false. Correct wrong information:
1. The agenda shouldn’t be circulated among all employees for them to prepare in advance. 2. You must follow a dress code. 3. You should allow employees to come up with their suggestions and valuable feedback.
4. You may enter the meeting room once the meeting has already begun. 5. It is not necessary to use a notepad during the meeting. 6. You must prepare notes in advance and never go blank.
3. Compose a dialogue
Imagine that one of you is going on a business trip to the UK and doesn’t know the rules of meeting etiquette. Ask your partner how you should behave. Try to use as many modal verbs as possible.
Text №4 Mobiquette
1. Read the text
Mobiquette refers to certain guidelines that individuals need to adhere to while using the hand phone at the workplace. Things are quite different at home or a friend’s place, but one needs to be careful at the workplace. Always keep your cell phone in the silent or vibration mode at the work place. Loud ring tone disturbs employees who are around. Remember office phone is only for official purposes. Don’t circulate your official number amongst all your friends and relatives. Keep a separate phone for personal use. Making personal calls from official phone is simply not expected out of a sensible professional. Don’t activate film songs or jokes as caller tunes for mobiles meant for official use. It leaves a bad impression on clients or external parties who might call you. Never shout on the phone. Always be soft and polite. Avoid using abusive or foul language. Be careful with your phone. Never leave it at other’s workstations. It would waste yours as well as your colleague’s time. Try not to carry cell phone to restrooms. Greet the other party well. Start your conversation with a warm “Hello”. The way you talk matters a lot in verbal communication. The other party can’t see you; it’s your tone which makes the difference. Speak clearly. Never chew anything while speaking over the phone. It is important to concentrate while attending an important official call.
Be clear about what you intend to communicate. It is advisable to keep related documents handy. Don’t make the other person wait. Always keep a notepad and pen with you to jot down important points. Make sure your mobile calls do not hamper your productivity. Don’t go for long personal calls at workplace. Be crisp and precise. It is bad manners to pick calls when someone is sitting with you unless and until it is an emergency. Extension fixed phones are meant to be used by everyone at the workplace. Don’t treat it as your personal property. Avoid calling any of your clients or colleagues before 8 in the morning and after 8 in the evening. The other person might be busy with his family or friends and definitely would not pay attention to your conversation. Switch off your mobiles while attending important meetings, presentations or seminars. In case of an emergency, move out of the place to attend the call.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. How should you keep your cell phone at the work place? 2. Is it acceptable to use office phone for personal calls? 3. What are the rules for caller tunes? 4. How should you speak on the phone? 5. Why do you have to keep a notepad and pen with you? 6. How can mobile calls hamper your productivity? 7. What time should you call your clients? 8. What should you do with your mobiles while attending important meetings?
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