Косвенная речь (Reported Speech) в английском языке

Косвенная речь — это пересказ чьих-то слов без сохранения дословности. В отличие от

прямой речи, она меняет:

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времена глаголов,

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местоимения,

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указательные слова (this → that, here → there и т. д.).

1. Основные изменения

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Изменение времён (Sequence of Tenses – "Правило согласования времён")

Если глагол в главном предложении в прошедшем времени (said, told, asked...), то в

косвенной речи время сдвигается назад:

Прямая речь

Косвенная

речь

Пример

Present Simple →

Past Simple

"I like ice cream." → He said (that) he liked ice cream.

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

"I am reading." → She said (that) she was reading.

Past Simple →

Past Perfect

"I saw a cat." → He said (that) he had seen a cat.

Present Perfect →

Past Perfect

"I have finished." → She said (that) she had finished.

Future (will) →

would

"I will call you." → He said (that) he would call me.

Исключение:

Если в прямой речи речь идёт об общеизвестном факте или законе природы, время не

меняется:

"The Earth is round." → He said (that) the Earth is round.

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Изменение местоимений и указательных слов

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

I → he/she

"I am tired." → She said (that) she was tired.

we → they

"We won." → They said (that) they had won.

this → that

"This is my book." → He said (that) that was his book.

here → there

"Stay here." → She told me to stay there.

today → that

day

"I saw him today." → He said (that) he had seen him that day.

2. Вопросы в косвенной речи

Вопросы становятся утвердительными (без do/does/did и без вопросительного знака).

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Общие вопросы (Yes/No questions)

Используются if / whether ("ли"):

"Do you like tea?" → She asked if I liked tea.

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Специальные вопросы (Wh- questions)

Сохраняется вопросительное слово (who, what, where...) + прямой порядок слов:

"Where do you live?" → He asked where I lived.

3. Повелительное наклонение (команды, просьбы)

Используется to + инфинитив (или not to для запрета):



"Open the door!" → She told me to open the door.



"Don’t shout!" → He asked us not to shout.

4. Примеры перевода прямой речи в косвенную

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

"I love this song."

She said (that) she loved that song.

"We are going to the

park."

They said (that) they were going to the park.

"Did you see the film?"

He asked if I had seen the film.

"Where is my bag?"

She asked where her bag was.

"Call me later."

He told me to call him later.

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Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения из прямой речи в косвенную

1.

"I like pizza," Tom said.

→ Tom said (that) he _______________________ pizza.

2.

"We are playing football," they said.

→ They said (that) they _________________________ football.

3.

"She has finished her homework," Mum said.

→ Mum said (that) she _________________________ her homework.

4.

"I will call you later," Mark promised.

→ Mark promised (that) he _________________________ me later.

5.

"The Earth revolves around the Sun," the teacher explained.

→ The teacher explained (that) the Earth _________________________ around the Sun.

(Подсказка: Обратите внимание на исключение с общеизвестными фактами!)

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Упражнение 2. Измените вопросы в косвенной речи

1.

"Do you have a pen?" she asked.

→ She asked if _________________________ a pen.

2.

"Where does Anna live?" he wondered.

→ He wondered where _________________________.

3.

"Did they visit London?" she asked.

→ She asked whether _________________________ London.

4.

"What time does the train leave?" I asked.

→ I asked what time _________________________.

5.

"Are you coming to the party?" he asked me.

→ He asked me if _________________________ to the party.

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Упражнение 3. Перефразируйте команды и просьбы

1.

"Close the window," the teacher said to us.

→ The teacher told us _________________________ the window.

2.

"Don’t run in the corridor!" Mum said to me.

→ Mum told me _________________________ in the corridor.

3.

"Please help me with this task," she asked him.

→ She asked him _________________________ her with that task.

4.

"Don’t be late!" Dad said to me.

→ Dad told me _________________________ late.

5.

"Bring your notebooks tomorrow," the teacher said.

→ The teacher told us _________________________ our notebooks the next day.

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Упражнение 4. Исправьте ошибки в косвенной речи

1.

"I am happy," she said. → She said (that) she is happy. (Неправильно!)

→ Правильно: She said (that) she was happy.

2.

"We saw a dolphin," they said. → They said (that) they see a dolphin.

→ _______________________________________________________________

3.

"Where are you going?" he asked. → He asked where was I going.

→ _______________________________________________________________

4.

"Don’t touch this!" she said. → She told me not touch that.

→ _______________________________________________________________

5.

"I can swim," he said. → He said (that) he can swim.

→ _______________________________________________________________

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Упражнение 5. Перескажите диалог в косвенной речи

Диалог:



Anna: "I can’t find my keys."



Ben: "Did you check your bag?"



Anna: "Yes, but they aren’t there."



Ben: "Don’t worry, I’ll help you."

Косвенная речь:

Anna said (that) she _________________________ her keys. Ben asked if

_________________________ her bag. She replied (that) _________________________ there.

Ben told her _________________________ and promised (that) _________________________

her.