Passive Voice

Passive Voice

Пассивный залог (passive voice)

показывает, что лицо или предмет,

выраженное подлежащим,

испытывает действие на себе:

The big cake was baked by Sam.

Пассивный залог употребляется

-

когда исполнитель действия

очевиден или несуществен

-

когда действие или его результат

более интересны, чем исполнитель.

В страдательном залоге не употребляются:

1) Непереходные глаголы, т.к. при них нет

прямых

дополнений,

которые

могли

бы

стать

подлежащими при глаголе в форме Passive.

Переходными

в

англ.

языке

называются

глаголы, после которых в действительном залоге

следует прямое дополнение; в русском языке это

дополнение, отвечающее на вопросы винительного

падежа

–

кого?

что?:

to

build

строить,

to

see

видеть, to take брать, to open открывать и т.п.

Непереходными глаголами называются такие

глаголы, которые не требуют после себя прямого

дополнения: to live жить, to come приходить, to fly

летать, cry плакать и др.

2)

Глаголы-связки:

be

–

быть,

become

–

становиться/стать.

3) Модальные глаголы.

4) Некоторые переходные глаголы не могут

использоваться

в

страдательном

залоге.

В

большинстве случаев это глаголы состояния, такие

как:

to fit годиться, быть впору

to have иметь

to lack не хватать,

недоставать

to like нравиться

to resemble напоминать, быть

похожим

to suit годиться, подходить

Пассивный залог в английском языке

употребляется, как правило, с переходными

глаголами, т.е. с глаголами, которые имеют после

себя дополнение:

1) Ряд английских глаголов может иметь два

дополнения – прямое и косвенное. Наиболее

употребительны to tell, to give, to offer, to show, to

pay, to promise, to send, to teach, to allow, to ask, to

answer, to forgive, to invite, to advise. Такие глаголы

образуют двойные конструкции в пассивном залоге.

A very good job was offered to me.

I was offered a very good job.

2) Многие глаголы в английском языке

употребляются с дополнением, имеющим предлог. В

таких случаях предлог занимает место после глагола

в пассивном залоге.

The doctor was sent for.

This film is much spoken about.

Глаголы to read, to sell, to wash, to clean, to peel, to

crease, to break, to deform, to wear, to burn

употребляются в форме активного залога, хотя и

имеют пассивное значение.

This dress washes and wears well and doesn’t

crease.

Love stories sell well. Dry leaves burn well.

Такие глаголы, как: to have, to chance, to happen,

to seem, to appear, to lack, to become, to fit, to suit,

to resemble не употребляются в пассивном залоге,

так как они обозначают не действие (или процесс),

а состояние лица или предмета.

John resembles his father.

He has become a real professional.

С пассивными конструкциями часто употребляются

предлоги of, from, with, by.

I was interrupted by a loud knock on the door.

My country house is made of wood. This pie is made

from eggs, milk and flour.

He was shot with a gun.

Passive

Passive

Voice

Voice

Active Voice

Active Voice

to be + V

3

- ed

Passive Voice

I am asked questions.

I ask questions

.

7

PASSIVE VOICE

Simple

Progressive

Perfect

P.P

Future

will +

be +

V3,

V (ed)

Will be +

being+ V3,

V (ed)

will have

been +V3,

V(ed)

Present

Am/is/are

V3,

V(ed)

Am/is/are +

+being+V3,

V (ed)

Have / has

been + V3,

V (ed)

Past

Was/were

V3,

V(ed)

was / were

+ being+

V3, V(ed)

Had been +

V3, V(ed)

Active Passive

•

When rewriting active sentences in

passive, the object of the active

sentence becomes the subject of

the passive



A: Somebody cleans this room

every day.

OBJECT



P: This room is cleaned every day.

SUBJECT

•

the verb BE has to be in the same

tense as in active sentence



A: Someone stole my sister’s bike

yesterday.



P: My sister’s bike was stolen

yesterday.



stole – past simple => BE = was/were

•

to show who did the action, we use BY



This house was built by my

grandfather.

•

to show who did the action, we use

BY



This house was built by my

grandfather.

I => me

she => her

you => you

he => him

we => us

they => them



I opened the door. => The door was

opened by me.



She cleans the room.=> The room is

cleaned by her.

Ann

takes

the medicine

by Ann.

The medicine

taken

is

Translate the verbs in

Passive

1. A lot of houses (построено) in Moscow.

2. When (было написано) this letter?

3. Many places of interest (посещаются) by tourists.

4. When (была переведена) this article?

5. English (говорят) in many countries of the world.

6. The student (задают) many questions by the

teacher now.

7. The film (показывали) when we entered the hall.

8. The device (был протестирован) by last month.

Complete the sentences (Active or Passive

Voice). Use Simple Present or Simple Past.

The Statue of Liberty (give) to the United

States by France. It (be) a present on the 100th

anniversary of the United States. The Statue of

Liberty (design) by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. It

(complete) in France in July 1884. In 350 pieces,

the statue then (ship) to New York, where it

(arrive) on 17 June 1885.

The pieces (put) together and the opening

ceremony (take) place on 28 October 1886. The

Statue of Liberty (be) 46 m high (93 m including

the base). The statue (represent) the goddess of

liberty. She (hold) a torch in her right hand and a

tablet in her left hand. On the tablet you (see /

can) the date of the Declaration of Independence

(July 4, 1776).

Every year, the Statue of Liberty (visit) by

many people from all over the world.

ACTIVE or PASSIVE ?

1.

The window (break) _________________.

2.

Someone (cook) _________ a meal in the kitchen right now.

3.

We (ask)___________________ several questions by the

police tonight.

4.

My cat (run over) _____________ by the milk van.

5.

This homework (must do) ___________ tonight.

6.

Poems ( write) ________________________________ in

every culture .

7.

People all over the world (know) ___________ her name.

8.

The truck (loot)_____________________________________

when the police arrived.

9.

The guests (serve) ___________ some tea after they had a

seat.

10.

The students (do) ____________ these exercises before.

is broken/ was broken

is cooking

were asked / will be asked

was run over

must be done

are written / were written/ have

been written

Know/ knew

was being looted/ had already been looted

were served

have done

Change the following

into Passive

1. They sell milk in this shop.

2. I have translated the whole text.

3. They broke the window last week.

4. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets.

5. We shall do the work in the evening.

6. He wrote this book in the 19th century.

7. They were playing tennis from four till five.

8. They have made a number of important experiments

in this laboratory.

9. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th

century.

10. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the

trees.

11. They will stage this play at the beginning of next

season.

12. They have forgotten the story.

Change the following into

Passive.

1. Did they tell her the story?

2. What must we do about this?

3. What questions did they ask?

4. Has anyone changed the curtains

yet?

5. Where did they park the car?

6. Will anyone tell him about the

accident?

7. Has anyone dusted that blackboard

yet?

8. Who is cleaning my room?

Choose the correct answer

1.

Hazel won the lottery.

A. The lottery had been won by Hazel.

B. The lottery was won by Hazel.

C. The lottery is won by Hazel.

2. The police interrogated

Bryan.

A. Bryan is interrogated by the police.

B. Bryan was interrogated by the

police.

C. Bryan had been interrogated by the

police.

3. Peter has paid for the pizza.

A. The pizza was paid for by Peter.

B. The pizza has been paid for by Peter.

C. The pizza is paid for by Peter.

4. Joy will meet you at the airport.

A. You will have met Joy at the airport.

B. You would be met by Joy at the

airport.

C. You will be met by Joy at the

airport.

5. People highly respect his opinion.

A. His opinion will be highly respected.

B. His opinion was highly respected.

C. His opinion is highly respected.

6. Amanda upset me by what she

said.

A. I am upset by what he said.

B. I was upset by what Amanda said.

C. I would be upset by what Amanda

said.

7. He is going to inform us later.

A. We would be informed by him later.

B. We are going to be informed by him

later.

C. We were going to be informed by him

later.

8. The police arrested 10 rioters last

night.

A. Ten rioters were going to be arrested

last night.

B. Ten rioters were arrested last night.

C. Ten rioters should have been arrested

last night.

9. The Doctor may visit us next week.

A. We may be visited by the Doctor next

week.

B. We maybe visited by the Doctor next

week.

C. We must be visited by the Doctor next

week.

10. Studying hard could have helped

you.

A. You could have helped by studying

hard.

B. You could have been helped by

studying hard.

C. You could be helped by studying hard.

Write sentences using

Passive – present

1.

(the office/clean/ now)

2. (these rooms/clean/every day)

3. (glass/make/from sand)

4. (tickets/sell/already)

5. (this room/not/use/very often)

6. (we/allow/to park/already here)

7.

(

they/ repaire/ the clock/ now)

8. (she/buy / new skates/ this

week)

Write sentences using

the Passive – past

1. (the house/paint/by last month)

2. (three people/injure/in the

accident)

3. (my bicycle/steal/a few days ago)

4. (when/this bridge/build?)

5. (you/invite/to the party/last

week?)

6. (how/these windows/break?)

7. (I/not/wake up/by the noise)

8. (the workers/ load/ the trucks/ at

twelve o'clock yesterday)

Two people _____ in a car crash.

1. injured

2. have injured

3. have been injured

New York police _____ the thief.

1. was arrested

2. have arrested

3. have been arrested

1. do

2. be done

3. have done

Something must _____ by him

before it's too late.

The dinner ____ later.

1.will cook

2.will be cooked

3.has been cooked

1. finish

2. have finished

I think we must ____ everything on

Monday.

3. have been finished

This is a large dining room. Many

dinners ____ here.

1. are eaten

2. are being eaten

3. has been eaten

1. stole

2. has stolen

3. has been stolen

While I was hiking, my

phone ____ from my hotel room.

Chess ____ for hundreds of years.

1. have played

2. have been played

3. was played

1. was built

2. built

3. has built

A well-known architect _____ the

skyscraper.

This supermarket ____ in 2014.

1. built

2. was built

3. has built

1. caught

2. has caught

3. has been caught

A mouse ____ by the cat.

A lot of different species of

sharks ____ in the ocean.

1. can find

2. can be found

3. can found

1. will be built

2. will built

3. is building

A new school ____ next year.

A lot of people ____ by the McDonalds

Corporation this week.

1. are employed

2. were employed

3. have been employed

1. introduced

2. was introduced

3. is introduced

The footballer ____ to his

new coach yesterday.